楼主引用的发生问题的研究都是用老鼠作试验,老鼠与人不同。英国卫生部的疫苗注射指引明确指出无需aspirate,因为该处肌肉没有大的静脉血管:
Insert the needle into the injection site far enough to ensure it will deliver the vaccine
into the muscle and depress the plunger. There is no need to pull back on the plunger
(aspirate) before the plunger is depressed to release the vaccine into the muscle
because there are no large blood vessels at the recommended injection sites
Remove the needle and if there is any visible blood at the injection site, the patient can apply pressure to the site with a piece of gauze or cotton wool.