HIV in the Environment

Scientists and medical authorities agree that HIV does not survive well in the environment, making the possibility of environmental transmission remote. HIV is found in varying concentrations or amounts in blood, semen, vaginal fluid, breast milk, saliva, and tears. (See below, Saliva, Tears, and Sweat.) In order to obtain data on the survival of HIV, laboratory studies have required the use of artificially high concentrations of laboratory-grown virus. Although these unnatural concentrations of HIV can be kept alive under precisely controlled and limited laboratory conditions, CDC studies have showned that drying of even these high concentrations of HIV reduces the number of infectious viruses by 90 to 99 percent within several hours. Since the HIV concentrations used in laboratory studies are much higher than those actually found in blood or other specimens, drying of HIV- infected human blood or other body fluids reduces the theoretical risk of environmental transmission to that which has been observed--essentially zero.

Incorrect interpretation of conclusions drawn from laboratory studies have alarmed people unnecessarily. Results from laboratory studies should not be used to determine specific personal risk of infection because 1) the amount of virus studied is not found in human specimens or anyplace else in nature, and 2) no one has been identified with HIV due to contact with an environmental surface; Additionally, since HIV is unable to reproduce outside its living host (unlike many bacteria or fungi, which may do so under suitable conditions), except under laboratory conditions, it does not spread or maintain infectiousness outside its host.

HIV is sensitive to fluctuations in temperature and the presence of oxygen. One place that HIV has been know to survive in is drug injection syringes since these are airtight and often contain blood from the injector.

好多孩子是母婴传播的，那条道路还是很常见的，因为有潜伏期，那些孩子的父母可能不知道什么时候已经染上了。在非洲的一些研究说男的割包皮能大大降低传染性伴侣的概率，非安全性交的情况下。

其实每天刷牙都会有出血的，这个并不少见，有些人还尤其容易出血。

So the family of Ming's brother should have extremely low probability of getting the disease.......................unless.................

给你科普一下：

http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm

这是CDC的文章，

Male Circumcision and Risk for HIV Transmission

Several types of research have documented that male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of HIV acquisition by men during penile-vaginal sex.

我以前就是学这个的，教授上课都讲过，不然我不会乱说的。

你先看清楚了再说话，我是说割包皮跟得艾滋病有负相关这不是民科，是已经有科学调查显示了。我说东，你还找出来西的科学依据，你这不是摆明了砸我场子吗？

小侄儿呢?

大过年的,和气生财.