[face=Courier New]Robert W. Wood originally coined the term “fish-eye” in his book Physical Optics1 in the context of a discussion about the
refraction of light and the refraction of rays entering the level surface of a pond. Wood goes on to describe a water filled
pinhole camera (his “fish-eye” camera) that is capable of simulating the “fish-eye” view of the world. His homemade
camera was functional and produced interesting examples of images that “embrace” 180 degree fields of view.
In “Photographic Lenses”2 published in 1932, Willy Merté credits the first real “fish-eye” lens to R. Hill3. According to
Kingslake4, the Hill Sky Lens of 1924 was manufactured by Beck of London. Hill evidently is the first to develop a glass
“fish-eye” lens, and his design was found to be useful to meteorologists for all-sky photography.
Fisheye lenses for 35 mm photography are typically found in two classes:
a. Full frame fisheye lenses capture a hemispherical image across the diagonal of the 35 mm frame. These
lenses range in focal length from 14-16 mm and have a ratio of back focal distance to effective focal
length of 2.2 to 2.4.
b. Circular image (hemispherical) fisheye lenses capture a full 180 degrees within the narrow height of the
35 mm film frame. The lenses in this class have effective focal lengths ranging from 6 to 8 mm and have
a ratio of back focal distance to effective focal length of 4.55- 4.75.[/face]
[此贴子已经被作者于2004-8-25 0:57:07编辑过]