这一楼写Boston Massacre。
1770年,,正是英美矛盾激烈的时候。那一天波士顿一群人和8个英国士兵发生冲突,英国士兵开了枪,导致5人死亡。仇恨一点就着,Paul Revere, Samuel Adams等人宣传这是英国对美国人的Massacre,波士顿一片狂热,“爱国”热情高涨,几乎没有人愿意做被告方的律师。
John Adams同意做被告方的律师。是的,推动美国独立的John Adams决定做英国士兵的辩护律师。他的政治声望和他的律师事务所都受到了损失:很多人说他被英方收买了,事务所失去了一大半的clients。
但是他认为在free country要有fair trial。他的辩词是这样说的: “ Facts are stubborn things, and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictums of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence"。
是的,John Adams心中的美国,事实就是事实,证据就是证据。被告有罪还是无罪,与众人的愿望,倾向和热情无关。
(证据显示,那群众人用雪球,牡蛎壳,棍子扔士兵,一个士兵还被棒子打倒了,然后他们开枪了。辩词: And why should we scruple to call such a people a mob, I can t conceive, unless the name is too respectable for them. The sun is not about to stand still or go out, nor the rivers to dry up because there was a mob in Boston on the 5th of March that attacked a party of soldiers...最后定6个士兵无罪,2个定罪manslaughter)
(再后来,美国民众倒因为这件事,更加尊重他了)
重要话再说一遍:“ Facts are stubborn things, and whatever may be our wishes, our inclinations, or the dictums of our passions, they cannot alter the state of facts and evidence"。
这才是讲法律和证据的美国精神。